Biography of Don Jose Maria Chacon.

Biography of Don Jose Maria Chacon.  - By Alia Worrien


Don Jose Maria Chacon.

Don Jose Maria Chacon was born in the year 1749 in Seville, Spain (Kublalsingh,2013).  Chacon was the last governor of Trinidad and served two terms (1784-89 & 1789-1797) as governor of Trinidad. Chacon was sent to Trinidad by Spain in an attempt to secure the Spanish colony (Peters,2014). Chacon was considered knight of the order of Calatrava. Intelligent, highly educated, proficient and well accomplished in his tenure as governor were all characteristics facilitated with Don Jose Maria Chacon. Chacon allegedly, may have married on the island of Trinidad to an Irish lady by the name Dorothy Lyndsey ( Besson, 2019).  It is also supposed that Chacon had children.  Chacon governed Trinidad with the implementation of the Cedual which was introduced in 1783. The Cedual of population transformed the demography of Trinidad and the nature of the society (Kublalsingh,2013).  Upon taking office he immediately began restructuring the Cabildo by limiting its power                            ( Peters,2014).  In addition to this, Chacon ordered that the Cabildo be relocated from St Joseph to Port of Spain (Peters,2014). Don Jose Maria Chacon has been considered the most influential Spanish governor. Chacon has made significant contributions toward Trinidad.  In 1797 Chacon lost the battle against the British who captured Trinidad. Unfortunately, Chacon and his men were outnumbered by the British with regards to ships, weapons and even troops. Chacon handed over Trinidad to the British through the capitulation signed at the Valsayn Estate (Kublalsingh,2013). Chacon had few resources to fight against the British which led to his defeat.  Chacon soon returned to Spain and eventually died (Besson,2019).   Homage was paid to Chacon in Trinidad through many avenues. The Chaconia also called the "Wild Poinsettia" was named for the remembrance of Chacon.  There also exists in Trinidad a city street named after Chacon.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             


  • Don Jose Maria Chacon's Contributions to the development of Trinidad. 


Don Jose Maria Chacon's contribution to the development of Trinidad. 

Chacon has contributed tremendously towards the development of Trinidad. New policies and measures were reinforced and implemented upon Chacon's appointment  as governor. Trinidad experienced a shift within its society as it became more developed under Chacon. Chacon was the commissioner of population.  During his tenure there was a significant  increase within the population.  A large influx  of  immigrants came from France into the island of Trinidad ."The population of the island increased five-fold from 3,432 to 17,718, largely as a result of immigration (Newson,184)."  While the increase of people on the island brought significant advantages to the economy. There were also some  unfavourable consequences to the growing population of French migrants which had to be dealt with by Chacon.  " His excellency had to deal with an influx of riotous French republicans and revolutionaries bent on overthrowing his government by force of arms and to murder the islands's royalist inhabitants ( Joseph, 1838)." Chacon's ability to restore order and stability during these times of conflict on the island can be considered one of his many contributions. No other governor sent by Spain had to deal with the issue of a growing French population that at times caused conflicts. When Chacon changed the location of the Cabildo to Port-of -Spain, Port-of-Spain began assuming the administrative functions of St Joseph( former place of the Cabildo).   Port-of -Spain soon developed as " an important commercial centre,since goods could be obtained there more cheaply than in any other colony" (Newson,188).  This action made by Chacon would have contributed greatly to the development of Trinidad as Port-of-Spain emerged as the main area in Trinidad to do business such as trade and commerce. If Chacon had not taken up an interest in Port-of -Spain and the moving of the Cabildo, the development of Port-of-Spain may not have ever occurred. Chacon embarked on a lof of infrastructural development which contributed to the further development of Trinidad. Chacon " undertook large public works, such as diverting the St.Ann's river, whose course took it across Park street...he paid about one third of this project from his own pocket (Joseph, 1883)".  The diverting of St Ann's river was done  to " allow the further expansion of the town west-ward and to make it more healthy (Newson, 189)." Expanding the town by diverting the river allowed for more buildings and other infrastructure to be established which resulted in more business activity.  These bulidings and other infrastructure would have  aided in the general appearance of the area. Chacon established the town of San Fernando and the village of San Juan. If both areas had not been established, these areas would not have been developed any further. Through the establishment of these areas, Chacon was setting the foundation for further development as both areas became quite active. The police service, fire department and Port health authority were all created under Chacon. These services would have brought about more efficiency on the island. In addition to this, such services would have created jobs for the population of Trinidad. Settlers would have enjoye greater protection and health care due to the establishment of such services.  Chacon promoted agricultural production in Trinidad. When Chacon took office as governor " he found that agricultural production was limited to cacao,maize,plantains,manioc and other root crops (Newson,202)." However, cotton and even coffee cultivation soon began to thrive. Chacon's promotion of agriculture would have led to more production and exports of produce which benefitted Trinidad's economy and promoted development.Tax breaks and trade exemptions were made for the benefit of the business population in Trinidad during Chacon's tenure. Initially,  slaves being introduced from Spanish or foreign colonies were to be free of duty for ten years (Newson,212)."  However, in 1784 Chacon felt that"trade would  decline when the ten years had expired (Newson,212). Chacon boldy petitioned for the Spanish Crown to award more concession.Consequently, "in 1786 more concessions were granted (Newson,212)."  Chacon's strong leadership was shown through his action of petitioning for more concessions.Clearly Chacon sought the interest of Trnindad and its population. These tax breaks and concessions would have promoted more business activites and thus would have benefited Trinidad's growing economy. Chacon has indeed made significant contributions to Trinidad's development. In 1788 the Minister of Tobago reported that" in 1783 Trinidad had been a horrible misery but had since become one of the richest open market (Newson,212)." Chacon's appointment to governor led to major developments on the island.  " The colony prospered under his governorship (Peters,2014)." 

Bibliography

  Besson,Gerard.  Don Jose Maria Chacon: Knight of the Order of Calatrava,Last Spanish Governor of Trinidad.  Paria Publishing Co LTD, 2019.  http://caribbeanhistoryarchives.blogspot.com/2019/06/don-jose-maria-chacon-knight-of.html .                                                                                                                          Joseph, Edward Lanzer.  History of Trinidad. F.Cass,1838.                                             Peters, Shade. Jose Maria Chacon in Trinidad.  2014.               http://shadapeters.wordpress.com                                                                                                Kublalsingh, Moodie Sylvia. Spanish in Trinidad and Tobago. St Augustine News Stan Article,2013.  https://sta.uwi.edu/stan/article14.asp                                  Newson, Linda.  Trinidad Rediscovered: The Impact of New Colonisation Schemes. Academic Press,1976.                                                                                                       

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